The spiritual element is necessary to be committed a crime and be created communication between the defendant and the material elements. There is no difficulty when this mental element is malice aforethought because the criminal behavior and (necessary cases) the result are planned directly or subordinately by the perpetrator. But creating this communication between the criminal behavior and the perpetrator is a little difficult in the cases without malice (premeditation) whether quasi-international (negligent) or pure fault. There are highly disputes in the cases which this relation depends on the criminal fault which is stated carelessness or heedlessness and the violations of the state orders and unskilfulness in the national law and recklessness and negligence in Common law. Because of this complex in reasoning based on these elements particularly in Common Law. We are going to determine and analyze this in the National Law and Common Law.

Criminal law is a set of rules that defines a crime, determines its punishment, and determines the methods of proving the crime and the execution of the punishment. In the realm of criminal law, there exists written systems, in order to quantify the rational criminal law in their study of their claims. Our approach to statute- based systems is obviously formal and positive. Rational criminal law is an interdisciplinary approach that follows the examination of the criminal law and the legalization of the judicial process from which it derives through the logic of knowledge. Logical criminal law in the aftermath of military creation is a conditional and homogeneous proposition of self-substantiated, positive coherent, deductive and qualitative propositions. In our view, the logical rules of criminal procedure are also fundamental, formal, constitutional, disconnected from the origin of the law and are foreseeable.

Accessory occurs when a person, with behavior out of crime, causes "influence on the decision-making process by the main perpetrator" or causes "strengthening the possibility of his success". Merely proving the intention of the deputy in connection with his behavior will not be equal to the complete realization of the mental element of accessory. In this regard, the deputy must have some kind of "psychological connection with the main criminal event". Such a connection is realized when he, while committing his behavior, is "aware" of the "nature or title" of the crime that the psychological element of the main perpetrator covers its "occurrence". By establishing such a relationship, the "unity of the psychological path of the deputy and the main perpetrator" is formed, and in such a situation, the ground for the full realization of the mental element of the accessory will be provided.  1.IntroductionIn the analysis of accessory, the main focus is usually on the expression of behavioral examples and how to realize its material element. However, the detailed and comprehensive analysis and examination of the way to realize the mental element of accessory is one of the most important discussions that can be presented in this field. it is also possible to adopt an opinion on the necessity of establishing a specific intention in the construction of the deputy's mental element if its material element is bound to the occurrence of a specific result.According to the general rules governing how to realize the mental element of crimes, if the perpetrator has a direct psychological connection with "all the components of his behavior" (general and specific intent), the mental element necessary to realize his criminal responsibility will be fully realized. In this regard, the mental element of the accessory is governed by exceptional conditions. In such a way that only by verifying the intention (general and specific) of the deputy in connection with his own actions, his criminal malice cannot be considered as a reality. In this regard, the deputy must also have some kind of psychological connection with the main criminal event, so that his criminal responsibility can be determined based on that.In this regard, the majority of jurists believe that the mental element of the accessory is fully realized when the mental interactions of the deputy and the main perpetrator are the same and the subject is the "realization" of a single event. But since in relation to the criminal incident, the deputy has a completely different position from the main perpetrator and his actions and results are completely different from the actions of the main perpetrator and outside of the commitment of the main crime. Acceptance of such an opinion will face a fundamental obstacle. However, in a debatable opinion, Iran's criminal legislator has made the fulfillment of the mental element of the accessory subject to the condition of "unity of intent" of the deputy and the main perpetrator.In order to succeed in analyzing the topic of this article, it is necessary to first define the accessory in a precise and comprehensive manner and to determine the position of the deputy in relation to the criminal incident. In the next step, the method of realizing the deputy's intention should be clarified in relation to his own behavior, and then the necessity of the deputy's psychological link with the criminal event and the method of achieving it should be analyzed. Finally, by clarifying the "nature of the psychological commonality of the deputy and the main perpetrator" and its place in the structure of the mental element of the accessory, it is possible to make an accurate opinion about the way to fully realize the mental element of the accessory.  2.Methodology In this research, the constituent elements of the psychological element of the accessory in criminal law have been dealt with by analytical-descriptive method. 3.Results and discussionBased on the findings of this research, it can be considered the full realization of the material element of the accessory when the deputy's actions "influence the decision-making process by the main perpetrator" or "strengthen the possibility of the main perpetrator's success in committing his voluntary behavior".The result-oriented nature of the material element of the accessory means that in order to adopt an opinion on the intentionality of the material element of the accessory, in addition to the general intent, the specific intent of the deputy must also be proven. if the deputy has the "intention" to realize the above-mentioned results or has "knowledge" regarding their occurrence as a result of the committed behavior, his special intention will be verified.Merely verifying the deputy's intention regarding his own behavior (deputy's general and specific intention) will not lead to the full realization of the mental element of the accessory. the deputy also must be knowledgeable about the "nature" or "title" of the same behavior or criminal events whose "occurrence" is the subject of the psychological element of the main perpetrator of the crime.According to the contents of this research, "the unity of the psychological path of the deputy and the main perpetrator" is also a necessary condition for the realization of the mental element of the accessory. According to this condition, it is possible to comment on the full realization of the mental element of the accessory when deputy's malice is towards the "title or nature" of the same criminal event that the psychological element of the main perpetrator covers its "occurrence". It should be noted that the latter condition, in the process of verifying the mental or psychological states necessary to prove the full realization of the mental element of the accessory, is automatically verified. Based on this, the special and separate expression of such a condition does not seem necessary. 4.ConclusionThe realization of accessory as a criminal behavior is always dependent on the occurrence of a specific crime due to the behavior of a person other than the deputy. Based on this, the deputy is never able to violate criminal regulations independently. However, the dependence of the deputy on the main perpetrator has a material nature, and this issue never means the dependence of the deputy on the main perpetrator in order to fulfill his psychological element. Because the mental element of the assistant is independent and completely based on the psychological interactions of the deputy. Based on this, the mental element necessary for the realization of the accessory can be considered fulfilled when, firstly, the deputy is intentional in relation to his behavior and secondly, his behavior is related to the criminal event committed by the main perpetrator. The realization of the deputy's intention in relation to his behavior depends on the deputy's intention in committing behavior that affects the decision-making process by the main perpetrator or ends up strengthening the possibility of his success in committing his voluntary behavior. Further, the deputy's psychological connection with the criminal event is realized when he is aware of the nature of the main perpetrator's behavior while committing his behavior. 5.Selection of ReferencesHassani, Yaghoob; Haji Deh-Abadi, Ahmed (1400), “Knowledge (of the occurrence of the result or the ability of the action to create the result) in the formation of special malice”, Islamic Law, 18th year, No. 68, pp. 37-60. [In Persian].Rahmdel, Mansour (1389), “Points about being an accessory in crime”, Azad Legal Research, No. 8-9-10, pp. 161-186. [In Persian].Qiyasi, Jalaluddin (2010), “Assistance in crime from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence”, Legal Research, No. 3, pp. 139-166. [In Persian].

According to the famous (in the meaning of prevailing) view of jurists, ‘Ijtihad’ is a prerequisite for making judicial decisions. Some others permit the adjudication by non-Mujtahid judges. Although both sides of arguments are based on reasoning with references to the Qur'an and the Sunnah, there is an objection to the way of reasoning of both sides, since they have been made in the absence of the analysis of practical process of adjudication and in the ignorance of the element of ‘codified law’. The establishment of the regime of Islamic Republic of Iran and legislative process based on Sharia standards indicates a transformation in the subject of adjudication, requiring reconsideration and reexamination of Ijtihad requirement in the light of such a transformation. The current article reviews the common jurisprudential arguments on Ijtihad requirement for adjudication and analyses its process and stages. Then, with an emphasis on the extent of the influence that religious rulings have on law and human measures, with taking into account the nature of Ijtihad and comparing it with the nature of dispute resolution, accompanied by the consideration of certain requirements of judicial system, such as the uniformity of judicial practices, it will ultimately reinforces the perspective that is in favor of non-necessity of Ijtihad in making judicial decisions.

This research work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model for the simulation of the flow of polymeric melts through the die region of extruders. The set of the governing equations are solved using the finite element method. Standard Galerkin technique is used in conjunction with the continuous penalty scheme to solve the flow equations. Due to the non-linear nature of the global equations, the Newton-Raphson method is used. In order to show the applicability of this model, we have simulated the flow of a polypropylene (T30S(R)) melt in the die of a single screw extruder. The well-known power-law equation is used to describe the non-Newtonian rheological behaviour of this material. The validity of the present technique under realistic conditions is confirmed by the comparison of the model simulation results with the experimental data.

Objective: CREB1 is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By designing efficient siRNAs against CREB1, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB1 knockdown by two different siRNAs in K562 cells has been studied. Materials and Methods: siRNAs have been designed according to the criteria suggested by Reynolds et al. K562 cells were transfected by siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000. The efficiency of CREB knockdown has been assessed by quantitative relative Real-time PCR. Results: Our results have shown that only one of the siRNAs has a high level of inhibitory effect on CREB1 gene expression. The expression of CREB1 by this siRNA was knocked-down by 87% in K562 cells. Conclusion: In this research, although two siRNAs were designed according to the Reynolds et al. criteria, only one showed an inhibitory effect. Reasons other than the aforementioned criteria may be involved in effectiveness of siRNAs.

In this study we examine the flow of inelastic fluids with various shear properties in axisymmetric contractions with various contraction ratios are selected as 4: 1, 6: 1 and 8: 1 with both rounded-corner and sharp. Particular attention is paid to the effect of shear thickening and shear thinning upon the solution behavior. Power-law inelastic model is employed coupling with the conservation of momentum equation and continuity equation. The numerical simulation of such fluid is performed by using the Taylor Galerkin pressure correction (T-G/P-C) finite element algorithm. The effects of geometry structure and many factors such as Reynolds number (Re) and the parameters of power law model are presented in this study. Particularly, in this study we are focused on the influence of these factors on the solution components and the level of convergence. This research was a comparative study between sharp and rounded-corner contraction geometries with a ratio of 4: 1, and to another comparative study among sharp contraction geometries with ratios of 4: 1, 6: 1, and 8: 1. The practical implications of this study focused on vortex length and the impact of varying the parameters of the power law model and the Reynolds number (Re) on it for 4: 1 contraction flow. The study dealt with the effect of different geometries on the rates of convergence of velocity and pressure as well as the characteristics of axial velocity and pressure on the axis of symmetry.